There are about 600 mg uric acid that are produced every day, and another 600 mg uric acid are excreted, resulting in a balanced state. The body has ~ 1200 mg and ~ 600 mg total body pool of exchangeable uric acid in males and females, respectively. When uric acid increases to a certain threshold level in the human body, it is considered hyperuricemia. Uric acid is a terminal metabolite of human purine compounds, which is slightly soluble in water and easy to form crystals. High blood uric acid concentration, known as hyperuricemia, is the main risk factor for development of gout. Also, our study was the first comprehensive study to investigate the overall prevalence of hyperuricemia in mainland China covering the six different regions. Prevalence of hyperuricemia is increasing in China, and future studies should investigate the association between the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its risk factors in order to tackle the issue, particularly among the vulnerable groups. No publication of bias was observed as indicated by a symmetrical funnel plot and Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation ( P = 0.392). An increasing prevalence was reported since 2005–2009 until 2015–2019. Those living Northeast region and being males had the highest prevalence ( P 20%), particularly in males.

Our subgroup analysis indicated that the pooled prevalence by regions ranged from 15.5 to 24.6%. The pooled prevalence of hyperuricemia among the general population in mainland China was 17.4% (95% CI: 15.8–19.1%). We included 108 eligible articles (172 studies by sex, 95 studies by regions, and 107 studies by study type) and an overall sample size of > 808,505 participants. All calculations were conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Methodsįive electronic databases were used to search for relevant articles published until 2019. Therefore, we conducted an updated meta-analysis on the prevalence and geographical distribution of hyperuricemia among the general population in mainland China using systematic literature search. However, high blood uric acid concentration, known as hyperuricemia, is the main risk factor for development of gout. Other lipids and glucose were not different.Fructose plays an important role in the complex metabolism of uric acid in the human body. Fasting triglyceride and insulin were also lower with high protein diets with effect sizes of 0.17 and 0.22, p = 0.003 and p = 0.042 respectively. A difference of 5% or greater in percentage protein between diets at 12mo was associated with a 3 fold greater effect size compared with <5% ( p = 0.038) in fat mass (0.9 vs. A recommendation to consume a lower carbohydrate, higher protein diet in mostly short term intensive interventions with long term follow up was associated with better weight and fat loss but the effect size was small-standardised means of 0.14 and 0.22, p = 0.008 and p < 0.001 respectively (equivalent to 0.4 kg for both). As many as 32 studies with 3492 individuals were analysed with data on fat and lean mass, glucose and insulin from 18 to 22 studies and lipids from 28 studies. Data was analysed using Comprehensive Meta analysis V2 using a random effects analysis. Studies were selected regardless of the success of the advice but difference in absolute and percentage protein intake at 12 months was used as a moderator in the analysis. We selected weight loss studies in adults with at least a 12 month follow up in which a higher percentage protein/lower carbohydrate diet was either planned or would be expected for either weight loss or weight maintenance.

Comprehensive meta analysis v2